The 

Pottery  and  Porcelain 
of  New  Jersey 

Prior  to  1876 


Catalog  of  an  Exhibition 
February  1 to  March  20,  1915 


Newark,  N.  J. 

The  Newark  Museum  Association 
1915 


25*15  DIRECT  6lfl 


Contents 


Page 

Note  of  explanation . 5 

References  5 

Abbreviations  . , 6 

Burlington  7 

Flemington  7 

Haddonfield  8 

South  Amboy  , 9 

New  Brunswick 10 

Elizabeth  11 

Woodbridge  12 

Hackensack  13 

Caldwell  14 

Lambertville  16 

Bor;  nr:*  e ,t  ....  _• 17 

Perth  Amboy 17 

Newark  18 

J ersey  City 21 

Trenton  23 

Unidentified  pieces 29 

List  of  contributors 31 


Digitized  by  the  Internet  Archive 
in  2017  with  funding  from 

University  of  Illinois  Urbana-Champaign  Alternates 


https://archive.org/details/potteryporcelainOOnewa 


Note  of  Explanation 


This  catalog  is  not  merely  a list.  It  is  a permanent  record 
of  the  nature  and  location  of  historic  material  which  will  grow 
more  valuable  as  the  years  pass. 

Although  New  Jersey  is  rich  in  usable  clays  whose  value 
was  early  appreciated,  there  has  been,  we  believe,  no  previous 
attempt  to  bring  together  a collection  of  the  products  of  her 
pioneer  potteries.  That  the  Newark  Museum  is  able  to 
assemble  the  examples  listed  here  is  due  to  the  co-operation  of 
the  Women’s  Clubs  of  the  State  through  their  State  Federa- 
tion, to  the  courtesy  of  Dr.  E.  A.  Barber  of  the  Pennsylvania 
Museum,  and  to  the  interest  shown  by  the  many  persons 
throughout  the  state  to  whom  appeals  were  made  by  letter 
and  through  the  press.  The  story  of  the  early  potteries  is 
one  of  absorbing  interest  and  even  romance,  which  is  yet  to 
be  written.  If  the  present  exhibition  serves  to  arouse  an 
appreciation  of  the  growth  and  dignity  of  an  industry  which 
ranks  New  Jersey  second  only  to  Ohio,  it  has  been  worth 
the  doing. 

References 

Barber.  Pottery  and  Porcelain  of  the  United  States.  3rd 
ed.  1909. 

Barber.  Marks  of  American  Potters.  1904. 

Jervis.  Book  of  Pottery  Marks.  1897. 

For  additional  notes  on  potteries  we  are  indebted  to : 

Miss  M.  A.  Demarest,  New  Brunswick. 

Miss  S.  F.  F.  Benton,  Perth  Amboy. 

Poillon  Pottery  Works,  Woodbridge. 

Mrs.  G.  W.  Prall,  Lambertville. 

The  Haddon  Fortnightly,  Haddonfield. 

Mrs.  F.  A.  Westervelt,  Hackensack. 


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The  Newark  Museum  Association 

Abbreviations 

dec. — decoration.  estab. — established, 

imp. — impressed.  coll. — collection, 

c.  c. — cream  colored  ware. 

The  dates  assigned  to  the  pottery  are  in  most  cases  only 
approximate. 

A list  of  persons  lending  will  be  found  at  the  end  of  the 
catalog. 

New  Jersey  Potteries 

The  Museum’s  reprint  of  the  chapter  on  New  Jersey  Pot- 
teries from  Dr.  Barber’s  book  and  of  the  Marks  of  New  Jer- 
sey Potteries,  is  now  offered  for  sale  at  fifty  cents  per  copy. 
The  edition  is  nearly  exhausted. 


The  Pottery  and  Porcelain  of  New  Jersey 


Burlington,  New  Jersey 

Coxe  Pottery  Works.  Previous  to  1865  Dr.  Daniel  Coxe  of 
London,  afterward  governor  of  New  Jersey  caused  a pottery 
to  be  erected  at  Burlington,  N.  J.,  for  the  manufacture  of 
“white  and  chiney  ware”.  A great  deal  of  trouble  was 
experienced  in  finding  suitable  clays  and  competent  workmen, 
although  in  1688  “a  greate  quantity  to  ye  value  of  1200  li 
have  been  already  made  and  vended  in  ye  Country  neighbor 
colonies  and  ye  Islands  of  Barbadoes  and  Jamaica  where 
they  are  in  great  request”.  This  was  the  first  attempt  to 
manufacture  white  ware  in  the  colonies.  The  clay  was  prob- 
ably brought  from  South  Amboy.  The  exact  location  of  the 
pottery  is  not  known.  It  was  probably  somewhere  between 
Burlington  and  Trenton. 

It  is  quite  possible  that  a thorough  search  made  in  the 
neighborhood  of  Burlington  would  discover  more  of  this  ware. 
Historically,  it  is  as  interesting  as  any  pottery  made  in  the 
United  States  and  it  would  certainly  repay  antiquarians  or 
persons  interested  in  the  history  of  New  Jersey  for  the  effort 
to  recover  some  of  this  old  Coxe  “chiney”  ware.  There  are 
only  two  examples  at  present  known  to  collectors.  See  Bar- 
ber, Pottery  p.  54-58. 

1.  Fragment  of  red  earthenware,  herringbone  fluting. 
Covered  with  a white  tin  enamel  which  is  peeling  away  from 
the  red  clay.  Size  6"x7%".  Barber. 

Flemington,  New  Jersey 

Fulper  Pottery  Company.  Estab.  1805  by  Abraham  Fulper. 
The  early  products  were  stoneware,  crocks,  flowerpots,  brown 
glazed  ware.  At  present  they  also  manufacture  earthenware 
for  domestic  use,  but  are  best  known  for  their  art  pottery. 
See  exhibition  on  fourth  floor. 

2.  Jar,  red  earthenware.  1840.  Bright  orange  glaze 
flecked  throughout  with  tiny  black  splashes.  No.  mark. 
Cover  missing.  Height  §Y2r-  Fulper  Pottery  Co. 


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The  Newark  Museum  Association 


3.  Pipkin,  stoneware.  1850.  Elliptical  handle,  disc  cover 
with  knob.  No  mark.  Height  4%".  Lyman. 

4.  Shaving  cup,  red  earthenware.  1850.  Reddish-brown 
glaze  splashed  with  black.  No  mark.  Height  4".  Akers. 

5.  Crock,  stoneware.  1860.  Vertical  sides,  flat  rim, 

handles.  Gray  glaze,  brown  lining.  Floral  pattern  in  dull 
blue  on  one  side.  Mark  imp.  beneath  rim,  Fulper  Bros. 
Flemington,  N.  J.  Height  diam.  8".  Salmon. 

6.  Jar,  stoneware.  1860.  Gray  glaze  shading  to  tan, 
brown  lining.  Mark  imp.  on  shoulder,  G.  W.  Fulper  & Bros. 
Flemington,  N.  J.  No  cover.  Height  9".  Smith. 

Haddonfield,  New  Jersey 

About  1805  a pottery  was  established  in  Haddonfield  which 
continued  in  operation  under  various  local  owners  until  about 
1883.  In  1830  the  pottery  was  owned  by  Richard  Snowdon. 
Since  1894  the  works  have  been  occupied  by  Chas.  Wingender 
& Bros.,  who  until  recently  made  decorative  stoneware  mugs, 
tankards  and  water  coolers.  They  are  now  about  to  go  out 
of  business. 

7.  Baking  dish,  red  earthenware.  1815.  Rectangular, 
slanting  sides,  indented  rim.  Orange-yellow  glaze  splashed 
with  brown,  slip  dec.  and  inscription  U.  A.  Githens,  W.  G. 
Githens.  Unglazed  beneath.  Imperfect.  Length  15",  width 
10%".  Githens. 

8.  The  same.  1815.  Oval  with  gently  curving  sides, 
indented  rim.  Reddish  glaze  with  spot  dec.  of  yellow  slip. 
Unglazed  beneath.  No  mark.  Length  16",  width  10". 
Clement. 

Richard  Snowdon. 

9.  Bowl,  red  earthenware.  1830.  Circular,  slanting  sides, 
concave  rim.  Orange-red  glaze  decorated  with  narrow  bands 
of  yellow  slip.  Foot  unglazed.  Imperfect.  No  mark.  Height 
4%",  diam.  12".  Alexander. 

Note.  Mrs.  Alexander  is  a great-grand-daughter  of  Richard 
Snowdon. 


9 


New  Jersey  Pottery  and  Porcelain 


South  Amboy,  New  Jersey 

Warne  & Letts.  No  data  about  this  pottery. 

10.  Crock,  stoneware.  1806.  Ovoid,  heavy  curved  handles, 
wide  mouth.  Salt  glaze.  Imp.  border  around  shoulder  and 
collar  divided  by  ribbed  band  l1/!"  deep.  Mark,  Warne  & 
Letts.  1806.  S.  Amboy,  N.  J.  imp.  above  triangle  with  cres- 
cent edge.  Height  12%".  Hoagland. 

Humiston  & Warner.  No  data. 

11.  Jug.  Stoneware.  Ovoid.  Salt  glaze.  Cobalt  blue  dec. 
beneath  imp.  mark  in  blue,  Humiston  & Warner,  South  Am- 
boy. Height  11".  . Ely. 

A.  Cadmus.  Congress  Hill  Pottery.  “A  pottery  which  came 
to  be  known  as  Congress  Hill  Pottery  was  early  established  at 
the  foot  of  the  Bordentown  turnpike,  on  the  beach  and  near  the 
old  dock  known  as  Gordon’s  dock,  by  William  Hancock,  an 
Englishman  by  birth,  who  manufactured  a superior  quality 
of  chinaware.  Hancock  was  soon  succeeded  by  George  Price 
and  others,  who  carried  on  the  manufacture  of  stoneware  for 
several  years,  when  the  pottery  was  abandoned  and  stood  idle 
until  1849,  when  it  was  purchased  by  Abraham  Cadmus,  who 
made  .Rockingham  and  yellow-ware  until  his  death,  about 
1854.  The  pottery  remained  inactive  until  1857,  when  it  was 
bought  by  Joseph  Wooton,  who  operated  it  until  1860,  when 
he  was  succeeded  by  William  A.  Allen.  In  1861  the  establish- 
ment was  destroyed  by  fire.  This  factory  is  well  remembered 
by  the  older  residents.  It  was  a wood  structure  resting  on  a 
brick  foundation.”  From  Clayton.  History  of  Union  and 
Middlesex  Counties,  p.  832.  See  Barber.  Pottery,  p.  453. 

12.  Pitcher.  1850.  Mug  shaped  with  brown  glaze  through- 
out, cylindrical  ribbed  spout  just  below  the  rim,  rustic  handle 
forked  at  top,  relief  dec.  of  grapes  and  leaves.  Mark  imp. 
A.  Cadmus,  Congress  Pottery  South  Amboy,  N.  J.  Height 
7%".  Kitchel. 

13.  Hunting  pitcher.  1850.  Mottled  brown  glaze,  yellow 
base  and  lining.  Hunting  scene  in  relief,  oak  border,  rustic 


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The  Newark  Museum  Association 


handle,  frog  in  bottom.  B.  Hazelton  in  raised  letters  beneath 
spout.  No  mark.  Height  9".  Barber.  See  Barber,  Pot- 
tery, p.  453. 

W/A,  Allen. 

.14.  Vase,  terra  cotta.  1860.  Pear  shaped,  with  wide  flar- 
ing mouth.  Pinkish  surface,  relief  dec.  in  white,  black  and 
gold  strapwork  and  oval  medallions  containing  draped  figures 
in  classic  style.  No  mark.  Height  12%".  Cronk. 

15.  Bracket,  terra  cotta.  1860.  Mermaid  supporting 
square  abacus.  Painted  in  brown,  gold  and  flesh  tones.  No 
mark.  Height  12%".  Cronk. 

New  Brunswick,  New  Jersey 

As  early  as  1810  Capt.  Ephraim  G.  Mackay  conducted  a 
pottery  here.  In  that  year  he  offered  “his  residence  and  his 
exclusive  Pot  House”  for  sale.  In  1822  he  informed  his  cus- 
tomers that  he  had  rebuilt  and  enlarged  that  part  of  his 
factory  lately  destroyed  by  fire  and  had  now  “a  complete 
assortment  of  tile  and  earthenware”,  also  “Black  teapots 
constantly  on  hand”.  Capt.  Mackay  died  in  1826.  The 
Mackay  works  were  continued  under  different  owners  until 
about  1880.  In  1875  they  were  owned  by  Mr.  A.  J.  Buttler, 
whose  superintendent  was  a Mr.  Atkinson.  Adam  Green  and 
a man  named  Price  were  also  associated  with  pottery  works, 
probably  about  1840.  Messrs.  Horner  & Shirley  operated  a 
pottery  on  Water  Street  in  1831,  where  they  made  flint  stone- 
ware and  are  said  to  have  produced  small  pitchers  and  mugs 
decorated  with  raised  figures.  The  pottery  exhibited  is 
believed  to  have  been  made  in  New  Brunswick  between  1830 
and  1850. 

16.  Jar,  red  earthenware.  Pear  shaped  body,  ribbed 
bands  at  shoulder,  indented  border  around  collar,  curved  han- 
dles with  depression  at  top.  Reddish  brown  glaze  through- 
out, splashed  with  black  and  extending  nearly  to  foot.  No 
mark.  Imperfect.  Height  10%".-  Arndt. 


New  Jersey  Pottery  and  Porcelain 


11 


,17.  Covered  jar,  .red  earthenware.  Ovoid,  domed  cover 
with  knob.  Brilliant  reddish-brown  glaze  throughout,  splashed 
with  black  extending  nearly  to  foot.  No  mark.  Imperfect. 
Height  8".  Arndt. 

Note.  Rich  in  color  and  very  decorative. 

18.  Mug,  earthenware.  Cylindrical,  spreading  foot.  Dark 
brown  glaze  throughout,  extending  nearly  to  foot.  Sgraffito 
dee.  of  bird  and  leafy  twig.  Height  4%".  No  mark.  Antin. 

Note.  The  body  of  the  mug  has  evidently  received  two 
coats  of  glaze,  the  first  yellow,  the  outer  brown.  The  pattern 
is  formed  by  removing  the  outer  coat  only,  exposing  the 
yellow  coat  beneath. 

Mackay  Pottery. 

18a.  Jar,  yellow  earthenware.  About  1840.  Cylindrical 
with  flaring  collar,  disc  cover.  Dull  brown  glaze.  No  mark. 
Height  5 Demarest. 

A.  J.  Buttler. 

19.  Pitcher,  stoneware.  1875.  Ovoid,  pinched  spout,  salt 
glaze.  Splashed  with  cobalt  blue  beneath  spout  and  either 
side  of  imp.  mark.  A.  J.  Buttler,  Manufacterur,  New  Bruns- 
wick, N.  J.  Height  8%".  Smith. 

Elizabeth,  New  Jersey 

A stone  ware  pottery  was  estab.  in  Elizabeth  about  1816. 
From  1835  to  1879  it  was  operated  by  a Mr.  Pruden  who  made 
yellow  and  Rockingham  wares  in  addition  to  stoneware.  The 
factory  was  later  occupied  by  L.  B.  Beerbower  & Co.,  and  at 
present  by  the  Standard  Sanitary  Pottery  Co. 

20.  Jar,  stoneware.  Wide  mouth,  handles.  Heavy  gray 
glaze,  brown  lining.  Two  imp.  lines  around  shoulder.  Dec. 
in  dark  blue  below  imp.  mark  J.  M.  Pruden,  Elizabeth,  N.  J. 
Height  14%".  Osborn. 

Note.  A heavy  water-pitcher  recently  brought  to  our  atten- 
tion is  probably  one  of  a pattern  turned  out  at  the  Pruden  pot- 
tery for  the'  Centennial  Celebration.  The  body  is  fluted  above 


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The  Newark  Museum  Association 


a ribbed  border,  on  either  side  is  the  American  eagle  with 
shield  etc.  At  the  top  is  a border  of  stars  and  beneath  the 
covered  spout  a scroll  pattern.  This  pitcher  is  at  present 
covered  with  a thick  white  enamel  through  which  the  buff 
color  of  the  original  glaze  may  be  seen. 

Woodbridge,  New  Jersey 

Salamander  Works.  This  pottery,  at  one  time  the  largest 
clay  products  plant  in  the  state  was  estab.  1825  by  Michiel 
Lefoulon.  Mr.  Lefoulon  died  at  sea  in  1842  and  was  suc- 
ceeded by  Henry  DeCasse.  In  1867  the  style  became  Poillon 
& Weidner.  The  Salamander  Works  were  incorporated  in 
1871  with  William  Poillon  as  Pres.  The  plant  was  steadily 
enlarged  and  contained  8 kilns,  employing  125  persons  in  1882. 
In  August  1896  the  works  were  destroyed  by  fire  and  in  April 
1898  the  corporation  was  dissolved.  C.  L.  & E.  C.  Poillon  now 
maintain  an  art  pottery  in  Woodbridge. 

The  output  of  the  Salamander  Works  consisted  of  fire-brick, 
glazed  sewer  and  water  pipes,  baker’s  ovens,  stove  linings, 
cylinder  brick,  dentists’  furnaces  and  retorts,  crucibles,  fire 
proofing  and  paving  brick.  During  DeCasse ’s  time,  1842-1867, 
Rockingham  ware  was  also  made.  The  only  examples  of  this 
product  at  present  identified  are  the  Hound-handle  pitchers  in 
various  sizes.  These  were  apparently  adapted  from  the  Great- 
bach  model  (Jersey  City)  and  are  distinguished  largely  by  an 
indented  lambrequin  or  border  at  the  shoulder  above  the 
hunting  scene. 

21.  “Hound”  pitcher.  1845.  Brown  glaze,  turning  to 
dark  olive-brown  on  body,  yellow  lining.  Hound  handle,  grape 
vine  border,  hunting  scene  in  relief  below  indented  lambre- 
quin. W.  M.  Fahnestock  in  white  letters  on  shoulder.  Mark 
scratched  in  glaze  on  base,  Salamander  Works,  Woodbridge, 
N.  J.  Spout  broken.  Height  91/2".  Mitchell. 

22.  The  same.  1845.  Rich,  reddish  glaze,  yellow  lining. 
David  Cutter  in  white  letters  on  shoulder.  No  mark.  Height 
91k".  Voorhees. 


New  Jersey  Pottery  and  Porcelain 


13 


23.  The  same.  1845.  Dull  light-brown  glaze,  grayish- 
yellow  lining.  Doctor  E.  B.  Freeman  in  white  letters  on 
shoulder.  Imperfect.  No  mark.  Height  7%".  Sewaren 
History  Club. 

24.  The  same.  1845.  Light  brown  glaze,  grayish-yellow 
lining.  C.  Carrington  in  white  letters  on  shoulder.  No  mark. 
Height  5".  Barber. 

Hackensack,  New  Jersey 

Hackensack  clay  has  been  largely  turned  into  brick.  One 
of  the  first  brick  yards  was  at  New  Bridge  on  the  historic 
Zabriskie  estate.  Here  between  1813-1829  they  are  reported 
to  have  made  ‘‘straw”  brick  which  may  still  be  dug  up  on 
the  site. 

The  first  brick  yard  in  the  city  of  Hackensack  was  started 
in  1853  by  Philip  Shafer  and  Isaac  Hamilton.  In  1860  Andrew 
Sears  opened  a yard  to  the  north  of  Shafer  & Hamilton,  and 
Moses  Sears  purchased  the  Shafer  & Hamilton  yard.  Moses 
and  Andrew  Sears  also  had  a brick  yard  on  the  east  side  of 
the  river  which  was  discontinued  as  the  clay  gave  out.  In 
1869  the  Moses  Sears  yard  was  purchased  by  John  Schmults, 
whose  son  now  carries  on  the  business.  John  Schmults  had 
previously  been  located  on  the  river  at  Bogota  in  the  yard 
formerly  operated  by  John  Marcle. 

In  1847  Elizabeth  Sutliff,  a negro  woman,  bought  ten  acres 
of  land  on  the  river  in  Hackensack  for  $1,500.  She  carried 
on  a large  business  in  the  sale  of  clay,  which  was  sent  by  boat 
to  potteries  in  Newark,  Jersey  City  and  other  places.  In  1869 
she  sold  to  Brundagi  & Schmults  for  $15,000.  At  Little  Ferry 
was  a clay  bank  owned  by  Mr.  De  Peyster  Stagg,  who  also  sold 
clay  to  the  New  Jersey  potteries. 

About  1840  a pottery  was  established  near  what  is  now 
River  Edge  by  George  Wolf  kill  who  came  from  Pennsyl- 
vania. In  the  present  collection  are  also  some  flower-pots 
made  by  a certain  Jacques  Mirgot  between  1869-1872.  There 


14  The  Newark  Museum  Association 


can  be  no  doubt  that  potteries  turning  out  earthenware  for 
local  use  existed  in  the  neighborhood  but  we  have  been  able  to 
learn  little  about  them. 

George  Wolf  kill.  1842. 

25.  Pie  plate,  red  earthenware.  Reddish-brown  glaze, 
indented  edge.  Dec.  of  branching  vine  and  leaf-shaped  units 
in  yellow  slip.  Bottom  unglazed.  Diam.  VZVz" . Auryansen. 

26.  The  same.  1842.  Dec.  of  dots  and  leaf-shaped  units  in 
yellow  slip.  Diam.  11%".  Auryansen. 

Jacques  Mir  got. 

27.  Flower-pot,  red  earthenware.  1870.  Fluted  edge,  hard 
brown  glaze  extending  nearly  to  foot.  Imperfect.  Height 
6V2",  diam.  8".  Bergen  County  Historical  Society. 

28.  The  same.  1870.  Unglazed,  projecting  collar  %"  deep, 
granular  surface  of  fine  texture  due  to  wheel  process  instead 
of  present  method  of  machine  pressing.  Height  3%".  Bergen 
Co.  Hist.  Soc. 

29.  The  same.  Similar  to  above  without  collar.  Warped 
in  firing.  Height  3%".  Bergen  Co.  Hist.  Soc. 

Caldwell,  New  Jersey 

About  1840  a Capt.  Thomas  Denham  Gould  is  said  to  have 
owned  a flourishing  pottery  in  Caldwell,  situated  on  what  was 
then  called  the  Center  Hill  Road  now  Roseland  Ave.,  between 
Caldwell  and  Roseland.  The  business  was  discontinued  about 
1860.  The  following  pieces,  all  unmarked,  are  said  to  have 
been  made  there.  They  show  an  interesting  variety  of  shapes 
and  glaze.  The  body  is  a red  earthenware  of  rather  light  and 
porous  quality,  with  a brilliant  but  soft  glaze. 

30.  Crock,  stoneware.  Ovoid,  wide  mouth,  handles.  Gray 
glaze,  black  lining.  No  decoration.  Height  7",  diam.  5%". 
Osborn. 

31.  The  same.  Similar  shape.  Grayish-brown  glaze 
throughout,  showing  faint  traces  of  blue  floral  dec.  Warped 


New  Jersey  Pottery  and  Porcelain 


15 


in  firing,  shows  large  blisters,  some  broken,  others  appearing 
as  egg-shaped  swellings.  Height  8%".  Osborn. 

32.  The  same.  Vertical  sides,  wide  mouth,  handles.  Green- 
ish-brown glaze,  ribbed  band  around  center.  Glaze  chipped 
away  at  edges  uncovering  red  clay  body.  Height  8 14",  diam. 
91 4' '•  Osborn. 

33.  Jar,  red  earthenware.  Cylindrical,  slanting  shoulder, 
flaring  collar.  Reddish-brown  glaze  throughout,  splashed  with 
black  and  extending  nearly  to  base  on  outside.  No  cover. 
Glaze  worn  away  af  edges.  Height  12%".  Osborn. 

34.  The  same.  Similar  shape  but  slightly  flaring  toward 
top.  Greenish-brown  glaze  throughout,  extending  to  within 
%"  of  base.  No  cover.  Imperfect.  Height  8".  Osborn. 

35.  Field  jug.  Soft  dull-black  glaze  throughout.  Height 
7%f/.  Osborn. 

36.  Pie  plate,  red  earthenware.  Circular,  finely  toothed 
edge,  dark  brown  glaze.  The  name  Caroline  in  yellow  slip. 
Diam.  12%".  Osborn. 

37.  Mixing  bowl,  red  earthenware.  Thick  reddish-brown 
glaze  splashed  with  black  extending  nearly  to  foot.  Worn  at 
edges  and  center  exposing  red  clay  body.  Height  4:*/2r/?  diam. 
12".  Osborn. 

38.  The  same.  Flattened  rim.  Orange-red  glaze  splashed 
at  regular  intervals  with  brown.  Height  4",  diam.  10%". 
Osborn. 

39.  The  same.  Similar  to  No.  37.  Height  3 diam.  8 14". 
Osborn. 

Note.  The  glaze  on  Nos.  37,  38  is  unusually  brilliant  and 
rich  in  color. 

The  following  pieces  are  also  believed  to  have  been  made 
in  Caldwell. 

40.  Jar.  Ovoid,  with  comparatively  small  mouth  and  heavy 
rim,  handles.  Dull  grayish-yellow  surface,  black  lining.  Dec. 
on  either  side  of  floral  pattern  in  pale  cobalt-blue  beneath 


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The  Newark  Museum  Association 


imp.  mark  B.  Lent,  Caldwell,  dashes  of  blue  at  base  of  handles. 
Imperfect.  Height  17%".  Waring. 

Note.  This  jar  shows  an  almost  classic  feeling  for  form  and 
proportion,  resembling  closely  the  Grecian  stamnos  without 
the  neck  and  with  handles  attached  to  the  sides  instead  of 
rising  from  the  shoulder.  The  earthenware  body  resembles  a 
yellowish  terra  cotta.  It  is  covered  with  a thin  soft-toned  slip 
coating  which  is  now  peeling  away.  The  decoration  is  boldly 
and  gracefully  executed. 

42.  Jar.  Similar  in  shape  and  glaze  to  No.  33.  Disc  cover 
with  knob.  Height  8".  Disbrow. 

Lambertville,  New  Jersey 

Previous  to  1848  Joseph  Raisner  owned  a pottery  here  whose 
output  consisted  of  red  earthenware  for  domestic  use,  ‘‘milk 
pans,  colanders,  toys,  money  jugs  made  in  the  form  of  vases, 
without  handles,  a knob  on  the  top  and  an  aperture  in  the 
side  for  the  money,  and  flower  pots,  some  of  which  were  made 
with  latticed  tops  and  a decoration  on  the  sides  of  colored 
leaves  under  the  glaze.  The  pottery  was  situated  between 
York  and  Hancock  streets,  near  Washington  street,  and  the 
land  on  which  it  stood  is  referred  to  in  old  deeds  as  the  Rais- 
ner pottery  lot.”  The  ware  was  unmarked,  the  glaze  soft  but 
brilliant. 

43.  Jug.  1840.  Vertical  sides  sloping  abruptly  to  neck, 

handle  rises  at  right  angles  between  neck  and  shoulder.  Red- 
dish-brown glaze  closely  flecked  with  metallic  black,  extend- 
ing within  inch  of  base.  No  mark.  Height  Ryan. 

44.  Jar.  1840.  Straight  sides,  slanting  shoulder,  vertical 
collar.  Brilliant  orange-red  glaze  throughout  extending  nearly 
to  base.  Imperfect.  Height  8".  Akers. 

45.  Pie  plate.  1840.  Reddish-brown  glaze.  Imperfect. 

Diam.  9".  Krewson. 

46.  Spittoon.  1840.  Circular.  Dull  orange-red  glaze 

splashed  with  metallic  black.  Bands  of  indented  dec.  Un- 


New  Jersey  Pottery  and  Porcelain 


17 


glazed  beneath.  Imperfect.  Height  3%",  diameter  7%". 
Ryan. 

47.  Vase.  1840.  Amphora-shaped,  handles  rising  at  right 
angles  between  neck  and  shoulder.  Rim,  handles  and  foot 
unglazed,  body  painted  dull  black.  On  either  side  traces  of 
figure  dec.  in  classic  style  which  has  peeled  off,  uncovering 
red  body  of  the  vase.  Height  6%".  Akers. 

Note.  Apparently  an  attempt  to  copy  the  painted  Greek  or 
Etruscan  vases. 


Bordentown,  New  Jersey 

The  following  pieces  were  made  at  a pottery  in  Bordentown 
previous  to  1850  by  the  father  of  the  lender,  Mr.  Eli  Lowe. 
We  have  not  been  able  to  learn  anything  of  its  history. 

48.  Field  jug,  red  earthenware.  Ovoid,  strap-like  handle 
following  curve  of  jug.  Lustrous  black  glaze  flecked  with 
metallic  spots,  extending  nearly  to  base.  Imperfect.  Height 

49.  Pie  dish,  red  earthenware.  Indented  edge,  reddish 
glaze  splashed  with  yellow  slip.  Unglazed  beneath.  Diameter 
10".  Slip  worn  through  to  base. 

50.  Paper  weight,  red  earthenware.  Recumbent  lion,  mot- 
tled orange  and  brown  glaze.  Oval  base,  unglazed  beneath, 
painted  red  at  edges.  Imperfect.  Length  4%",  height  2%” . 

51.  The  same,  yellow  earthenware.  Rooster  on  circular 
base.  Mottled  chocolate-brown  glaze  over  yellow  body.  Im- 
perfect. Height  3V2". 

Perth  Amboy,  New  Jersey 

Eagle  Pottery.  Estab.  about  1858  by  W.  H.  P.  Benton,  on 
the  site  of  property  now  owned  by  the  Barber  Asphalt  Co., 
between  Woodbridge  and  Perth  Amboy.  The  first  superin- 
tendent was  George  Barlow,  an  Englishman,  and  most  of  the 
workmen  were  from  Staffordshire,  England.  Mr.  Benton  sold 


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The  Newark  Museum  Association 


the  pottery  in  1865  when  it  was  merged  with  a fire  brick  and 
drain  pipe  works.  The  output  of  this  pottery  seems  to  have 
been  confined  to  brown-glazed  and  yellow  earthenware. 

52.  Creamer.  1860.  Rich  brown  glaze  extending  down  into 
the  yellow  lining,  pear  shaped  body,  pointed  handle,  relief 
decoration  of  putti  and  grape  vines.  No  mark.  Very  graceful 
shape.  Height  5".  Benton. 

53.  Pitcher.  1860.  Mottled  golden-brown  glaze  on  yellow 
body.  American  eagle  with  shield  and  thunderbolts  in  relief 
on  sides,  and  reeds  springing  from  base.  No  mark.  Imper- 
feet.  Height  9%'',  Benton. 

54.  Toby  jug.  1860.  Rich  mottled  brown  glaze  on  yellow 
body  extending  to  base  and  partly  within.  No  mark.  Height 
5 Benton. 

55.  Bowl,  yellow  ware.  1860.  Slanting  sides,  flat  rim.  No 
mark.  Diameter  7%".  Benton. 

Note.  The  fine  quality  of  glaze  on  this  yellow  ware  was  the 
result  of  much  experimentation. 

Newark,  New  Jersey 

Between  1837  and  1875  there  were  several  potteries  in  oper- 
ation in  Newark.  In  the  former  year  Balthasar  Krumeich 
owned  a pottery  at  44  So.  Canal  where  money  jugs,  preserve 
jars,  cups,  pie  plates  and  various  kinds  of  yellow  and  brown 
earthenware  were  manufactured.  This  pottery  was  operated 
by  different  members  of  the  Krumeich  family  until  between 
1890  and  1896. 

55a.  Jar,  red  earthenware.  1845.  Ovoid,  wide  mouth,  deep 
collar  with  projecting  rib  between  collar  and  body,  ear-shaped 
handles,  basal  rim.  Heavy  brown  glaze  throughout  splashed 
at  regular  intervals  with  darker  brown.  Glaze  worn  at  edges. 
Height  8 Searing. 

55b.  The  same.  Darker  glaze.  Height  10%".  Waring. 

In  1840  Daniel  Gillig  had  a pottery  at  Ogden  and  Division 
Sts.  He  later  moved  to  118  Orange  Street.  In  1855  the  style 


19 


New  Jersey  Pottery  and  Porcelain 


was  Gillig  & Williams  and  in  1856  Williams  seems  to  have  sold 
his  interest  to  John  H.  Osborn.  Gillig  & Osborn  continued 
the  business  at  2,  4 & 6 North  Broad  St.  (now  known  as  Belle- 
ville Ave.)  until  1862  when  the  plant,  now  called  the  Newark 
pottery,  was  taken  over  by  Mr.  Osborn.  The  business  was 
carried  on  by  John  H.  and  later  John  C.  Osborn  until  about 
1900.  The  output  consisted  of  stone  and  earthenware,  drain 
pipe,  portable  furnaces,  fire  brick,  green-house  tile  and  flower 
pots.  In  1872  yellow  and  Rockingham  wares,  urns,  hanging 
vases  and  chemical  wares  were  advertised  but  it  is  not  prob- 
able that  they  were  made  at  the  Osborn  pottery. 

Robert  Atchison,  J.  P.  Atchison  & Isaac  Ogden,  established 
a pottery  at  Chestnut  and  McWhorter  Sts.  in  1854,  under  the 
name  of  Robert  Atchison  & Company.  In  1874  Isaac  Ogden 
became  proprietor.  The  output  of  this  pottery  was  similar  in 
character  to  that  of  Gillig  & Osborn.  The  business  was  con- 
tinued until  about  1905,  the  main  product  of  the  latter  period 
being  salt-glazed  sewer  pipe. 

“About  the  year  1852  a company  consisting  of  Paul  Huber, 
an  architect;  Anton  Winter,  a civil  engineer;  Frederick 
Sehrag,  and  Franz  Haefeli,  a practical  potter,  engaged  in  the 
manufacture  of  terra-cotta  ware,  statuary,  house  ornaments, 
drain  pipes,  etc.  Before  this,  in  1851,  Franz  Haefeli,  of  Switz- 
erland; Franz  Adam,  of  Baden,  and  Rudolphe  Kauffmann, 
started  the  same  business  on  property  at  the  corner  of  Pacific 
and  Nichols  Streets,  but  owing  to  a lack  of  capital,  the  enter- 
prise was  unsuccessful.  * * * Among  those  who  assisted 

in  the  manual  labor  of  the  enterprise  was  Franz  Umbscheiden. 
It  is  stated  that  among  themselves,  during  the  hours  of 
labor,  these  gentlemen  used  to  sweeten  their  tasks  by  reflec- 
tions upon  the  Renaissance — classical  conversations  in  Latin, 
Greek,  French  and  German.  This  party,  like  the  first,  failed 
of  the  desired  success  ; and  it  is  not  unreasonable  to  assume 
that  if  they  had  possessed  less  mental  culture — if  they  had 
been  poorer  scholars  and  better  terra-cotta  makers — success 
would  most  likely  have  been  the  sweet  solace  of  their  labor, 


20 


The  Newark  Museum  Association 


and  they  might  have  been  able  to  appropriately  adopt  as  their 
trade  motto:  Labor  Omnia  Vincit.”  Atkinson.  History  of 
Newark,  p.  209. 

“In  1853  Messrs.  Young,  Roche,  Toland  & Co.,  and  also 
Messrs.  Wintter  & Co.  of  New  Jersey,  were  exhibitors  of  terra 
cotta  wares  at  the  Crystal  Palace  Exhibition,  New  York  City.” 
Barber,  Pottery,  p.  180. 

Prom  old  directories  we  learn  that  Wintter  & Co.,  terra- 
cotta mfrs.,  had  a plant  on  S.  Prospect  Street,  corner  of 
Nichols,  until  1858. 

The  pieces  listed  below  were  given  to  the  Newark  Museum 
by  Mrs.  Frank  Cobb  of  Newark.  They  are  unmarked. 

56.  Match  box,  terra  cotta.  Rectangular,  pie  crust  fluting. 
Length  5 width  4". 

57.  The  same.  Rectangular  with  scrolled  feet  and  dia- 
mond pattern  on  sides.  Length  6",  width  5". 

58.  Circular  medallion,  terra  cotta.  Portrait  in  relief, 
probably  Lafayette.  Diam.  5". 

Union  Pottery.  Estab.  1871  by  Conrad  Haidle  and  John  C. 
Sonn  as  Haidle  & Co.  The  output  was  earthen  and  stone- 
ware, portable  furnaces,  drain  pipes  and  tile.  The  pottery 
was  located  at  Bloomfield  Ave.  and  the  Morris  Canal.  In 
1875  the  firm  became  Haidle  & Zipf  and  the  location  was 
changed  to  1st  Avenue  and  3rd  Street.  Jacob  Zipf  also 
carried  on  a hardware  and  tinsmith’s  shop  on  Ferry  Street. 
During  this  period  Rockingham  ware  was  advertised.  About 
1877  Haidle  retired  and  Zipf  continued  in  the  business  alone. 
The  pottery  was  closed  about  1906.  The  examples  exhibited 
represent  the  three  different  periods  of  ownership. 

59.  Crock,  stoneware.  1873.  Vertical  sides,  heavy  rim, 
handles,  gray  glaze,  black  lining.  Carefully  executed  floral 
design  in  dark  blue  beneath  imp.  mark,  C.  Haidle  & Co. 
Union  Pottery,  Newark,  N.  J.  At  left  of  mark  the  figure  2, 
at  right  the  letter  G.  Height  8%".  Westervelt. 


New  Jersey  Pottery  and  Porcelain 


21 


60.  Jar,  stoneware.  1876.  Reddish-gray  glaze,  black  lin- 
ing. Mark  imp.  Haidle  & Zipf,  Union  Pottery,  Newark,  N.  J. 
No  cover.  Imperfect.  Height  9%".  Westervelt. 

61.  Crock,  stoneware.  1877.  Similar  to  No.  59.  Brownish- 
gray  glaze.  Mark  imp.  Union  Pottery,  Newark,  N.  J.,  J.  Zipf, 
Prop’r.  Height  7%".  Linnett. 

Jersey  City,  New  Jersey 

Jersey  City  Pottery.  Incorporated  1825  as  the  Jersey  Porce- 
lain and  Earthenware  Company.  The  output  was  white  china. 
It  was  closed  in  1828.  The  Trumbull-Prime  Coll,  in  Prince- 
ton contains  one  example  of  this  ware.  In  1829  it  was  re- 
opened by  David  and  J.  Henderson,  who  made  yellow  ware, 
cream-colored  ware  showing  relief  decoration,  and  brown- 
glazed  ware.  No.  62  belongs  to  this  period.  The  name  was 
changed  to  American  Pottery  Company  in  1833.  During  this 
period  transfer  printing  in  black  and  light  blue  was  used  for 
the  first  time  in  America.  In  1848  druggists’  jars  in  blue 
with  white  trim  were  made,  examples  of  which  are  in  the 
Pennsylvania  Museum,  Philadelphia.  In  1853  the  name  was 
changed  to  The  Jersey  City  Pottery  (J.  O.  Rouse  and  Nathaniel 
Turner).  The  output  was  white  ware  and  china  for  decora- 
tors, in  addition  to  the  former  line  of  cream-colored  and  em- 
bossed white  ware.  The  pottery  was  torn  down  in  1892. 
See  Barber,  Pottery,  p.  118-125;  Jervis,  Marks,  p.  82;  Barber, 
Marks,  p.  41. 

62.  Pitcher,  cream  ware.  1830.  Bowl-shaped  body,  scal- 
loped edge.  Dull  glaze,  relief  dec.  of  scrolls,  acanthus  motif 
and  masques.  Mark  imp.  in  circle,  D.  & J.  Henderson,  Jersey 
City.  Height  8%".  Pitkin  Coll. 

63.  Toby  jug,  earthenware.  1840.  Dark  brown  glaze, 
yellow  lining,  12-sided  body  with  scroll  dec.  in  relief  sur- 
mounted by  Toby  head.  Mark  imp.  in  circle,  American  Pot- 
tery Co.,  Jersey  City,  N.  J.  Height  5%".  Pitkin  Coll. 

64.  Similar  to  above.  Olive  brown  glaze.  Mark  impressed. 
Height  5%".  Barber. 


Tbe  Newark  Museum  Association 


22 


65.  Similar  to  No.  63,  b^own-glazed.  throughout.  Mark 
imp.,  partly  overlapping  this  mark  is  an  M long.  Handle 
missing.  Height  5%",  West.ervelt. 

66.  “Hound”  pitcher,  earthenware.  1840.  Hull  brown 
glaze,  grayish-yellow  lining.  Hound  handle,  hunting  scene  in 
relief,  grape  vine  border.  Mark  imp.  in  circle,  American  Pot- 
tery Co.,  Jersey  City,  N.  J.  Height  9%".  Pitkin  Coll. 

This  pitcher  was  designed  by  -Daniel  Gr^atbach.  See  Bar- 
ber, Pottery,  p.  121,  438. 

67.  The  same.  1840.  Lustrous  golden-brown  glaze  on 
cream-colored  body.  No  mark.  Height  10".  Taylor. 

68.  The  same.  1850.  Rich  brown  glaze,  yellow  within. 
Hound  has  white  collar.  Michiel  Farrel  in  white  letters  on 
shoulder.  No  mark.  Height  9%".  Preston. 

Note.  Given  to  Michael  Farrell  about  1850  by  member  of 
the  American  Pottery  Company. 

69.  Dish,  yellow  ware.  1840.  Rectangular  with  sloping 
sides.  Mark  imp.  in  circle,  American  Pottery  Company,  Jer- 
sey City,  N.  J.  Imperfect.  Length  lO1^",  width  7%". 
Taylor. 

70.  Tea  pot,  cream  ware.  1840.  Octagonal,  leaf  and  vine 
decoration  in  low  relief,  acorn  finial,  handle  twisted  at  base. 
Mark  imp.  in  circle,  American  Pottery  Company,  Jersey  City. 
Height  3 Disbrow.  Designed  by  Greatbach.  See  Barber, 
Pottery,  p.  440. 

71.  “Harrison”  pitcher,  cream  ware.  1840.  Six-sided, 
printed  decoration  in  black,  log  cabin  above  the  legend  “The 
Ohio  Farmer”,  a portrait  bust  of  W.  H.  Harrison  in  the  center 
and  the  American  eagle  below.  No  mark.  Mended.  Height 
10%".  Watt.  See  Barber,  Pottery,  p.  120,  545  (cut). 

Note.  Thos.  Pollock,  an  American  engraver,  is  said  to  have 
engraved  the  plates  from  which  the  prints  were  made. 

71a.  Flower  Pot.  1840.  Funnel  shape,  flat  outstanding 
rim  with  beaded  edge,  lion’s  head  handles.  Base,  handles,  rim 
and  lining,  white;  exterior,  deep  blue  with  bands  and  relief 


New  Jersey  Pottery  and  Porcelain 


23 


dec.  of  rosettes  and  flower  forms  in  white.  Imperfect.  No 
mark.  Height  4%"*  Diameter  5%"..  Clarkson.  See  Barber, 
Pottery,  p.  121. 

Trenton,  New  Jersey 

Trenton  has  been  called  “the  Staffordshire  of  America.” 
Its  pioneer  potter  was  John  S.  McCully,  who  in  1779  began  to 
make  pie  plates  and  flower  pots  of  red  clay.  Until  1852  the 
McCully  plant  had  no  competitor.  In  that  year  James  Taylor, 
an  English  potter,  and  Henry  Speeler,  a German,  began  the 
manufacture  of  yellow  earthenware.  They  were  followed  in 

1859  by  Millington  & Astbury  and  Rhodes  & Yates,  who  made 
white  earthenware.  In  1863  there  were  ten  potteries  in  Tren- 
ton. The  first  sanitary  ware  was  turned  out  by  Millington, 
Astbury  & Maddock  in  1873.  In  1882  there  were  sixteen 
plants,  representing  a capital  of  about  $2,000,000,  and  em- 
ploying 2,500  operatives.  The  pottery  industry  is  now  repre- 
sented by  forty-eight  plants,  whose  output  comprises  sanitary 
ware,  dinner  and  decorated  ware,  electrical  porcelain  and  tile. 

Until  about  1865  the  products  of  the  Trenton  potteries  con- 
sisted almost  wholly  of  heavy  yellow  and  white  earthenware, 
and  white  granite  ware,  having  great  similarity  of  shape  and 
quality.  For  that  reason  pieces  unmarked  can  rarely  be  iden- 
tified unless  their  history  is  known.  The  first  decorated  ware 
was  made  between  1863-1865.  John  Moses  & Co.  (Glasgow 
Pottery)  was  one  of  the  first  to  produce  decorated  white  ware. 
This  early  decoration  consisted  wholly  of  bands  and  lines  of 
color  and  gold.  All  the  decorating  was  done  outside  of  the 
potteries  until  after  1880. 

Taylor  and  Speeler.  Estab.  1852  by  James  Taylor  and 
Henry  Speeler  for  the  manufacture  of  yellow  and  Rocking- 
ham wares.  This  was  the  second  pottery  built  in  Trenton. 
Here  about  1855  was  made  the  first  white  granite  ware.  In 

1860  Speeler  established  the  International  Pottery  Co.,  and  in 
1865  James  Taylor  and  three  others  were  incorporated  as  the 
Trenton  Pottery  Co. 


24 


The  Newark  Museum  Association 


72.  “Hound”  pitcher.  1858.  Grayish-yellow  glaze  through- 
out, on  body  of  similar  tone.  Relief  modeling  similar  to  the 
Jersey  City  pitcher.  L.  Mundy  in  white  letters  on  shoulder. 
Height  9".  Gordon. 

Note.  Made  of  clay  taken  from  Mr.  Mundy ’s  clay  pits  in 
Bonhamtown,  near  Metuchen. 

Millington,  Astbury  & Poulson.  Estab.  1853.  In  1859  the 
firm  name  became  as  above.  The  output  was  a general  line 
of  white  wares.  In  1873  the  firm,  now  become  Millington, 
Astbury  & Maddock,  put  out  the  first  sanitary  ware  made  in 
Trenton. 

73.  “Ellsworth”  pitcher.  1861.  White,  raised  dec.  show- 
ing shooting  of  Col.  Ellsworth  at  Alexandria,  Va.,  American 
eagle,  stacked  guns,  flags,  etc.  Crazed.  No  mark.  Height 
9".  Owned  by  the  Newark  Museum. 

Note.  Several  dozen  of  these  pitchers  were  decorated  in 
colors  by  Edward  Lycett,  of  New  York  City.  See  Barber, 
Pottery,  p.  452;  Marks,  p.  47. 

City  Pottery.  Estab.  in  1859  on  the  site  of  the  old  Hat- 
tersley  Pottery  by  Rhodes  and  Yates.  Early  output  exclu- 
sively white  granite  and  cream-colored  ware.  In  1865  the 
firm  name  became  Yates  & Titus,  and  in  1871  Yates,  Bennett 
& Allan.  In  1875  they  exhibited  toilet  and  table  wares.  The 
business  was  discontinued  about  1880.  See  Barber,  Pottery, 
pp.  305,  455;  Marks,  p.  46. 

74.  Compote.  Part  of  dinner  service.  1872.  White,  fluted 
bowl  on  cylindrical  stem  and  spreading  circular  foot.  Gold 
band  dec.  Initial  C in  center  of  bowl.  Mark  printed  in  bla<  k. 
Arms  of  Great  Britain,  Ironstone  china,  C.  P.  Co.  Height 
bi/2",  diameter  10".  Prall. 

75.  Platter.  Part  of  same  service.  1872.  White,  oval, 
gold  band  and  line  dec.  Initial  C in  center.  Mark  same  as 
No.  74.  Crazed.  Length  7",  width  4 Prall. 

76.  Brush  holder  from  toilet  set.  1875.  White,  vase 

shaped.  Dec.  of  2"  band  of  turquoise  blue,  in  which  are  two 


New  Jersey  Pottery  and  Porcelain 


25 


oval  reserves  containing  bunch  of  flowers  in  colors,  the  whole 
bordered  and  outlined  with  gold.  Initial  C in  gold.  Remov- 
able stand,  gold  line  dec.  Mark  same  as  No.  74.  Imperfect. 
Height  of  whole  6%".  Prall. 

77.  The  same.  1875.  White,  vase  shaped,  dec.  with  1%" 
band  of  salmon  pink,  with  circular  and  oblong  reserves  filled 
with  flowers  and  butterflies  in  colors,  gold  borders.  Initial 
C in  gold.  Removable  stand.  Mark  same  as  No.  74.  Height 
of  whole  6 14".  Prall. 

Note.  Clay  from  the  Cutter  clay  pits  in  Woodbridge,  N.  J., 
was  used  in  making  the  sets  to  which  Nos.  74-77  belong.  They 
bear  the  initial  of  the  Cutter  family. 

Greenwood  Pottery.  Estab.  1861  by  Stephens,  Tams  & Co., 
and  organized  as  the  Greenwood  Pottery  Company  in  1868. 
Output  until  1875  largely  ironstone  china  and  granite  ware, 
on  which  the  arms  of  the  state  of  New  Jersey  were  used  as 
a mark.  The  present  output  is  “ hotel  china,”  a fine  grade 
of  durable  vitrified  china.  See  Barber,  Pottery,  p.  46 ; Marks, 
p.  46  ; Jervis,  Marks,  p.  79. 

78.  Egg  cup.  1868.  White,  red  band  and  hair-line  dec. 
No  mark.  Height  3%".  Guhl. 

79.  Tea  pot.  1868.  White,  pear  shaped  with  domed  cover. 
Glaze  shows  black  specks  at  rim  and  base.  No  mark.  Im- 
perfect. Height  7".  Guhl. 

80.  Cup  and  saucer.  1875.  White,  cylindrical  cup  with 
Q-shaped  handle.  Dec.  of  light  blue  bands  and  gold-line  bor- 
der with  trefoil  edge.  Mark  printed  in  black,  Arms  of  N.  J., 
Ironstone  China,  G.  P.  Co.  Diameter  of  saucer  4%",  height  of 
cup  21/2".  Anness. 

Note.  Clay  from  the  Anness  clay  pits  was  used  in  this  ware. 

Ott  & Brewer  (Etruria  Pottery).  Estab.  1863  by  Bloor,  Ott, 
& Booth.  In  1865  the  firm  name  became  Ott  & Brewer.  Out- 
put, 1863-75  largely  white  granite  and  c.  c.  ware;  1876,  parian 
busts  and  figures  modeled  by  Prof.  Broome ; 1882,  Belleek  and 
decorated  china.  The  firm  was  dissolved  in  1893.  In  1895 


The  Newark  Museum  Association 


20 


the  works  were  taken  over  by  the  Cook  Pottery  Co.,  who  until 
recently  manufactured  white  granite,  c.  c.  ware,  decorated 
ware  and  Delft.  This  company  now  makes  chiefly  electrical 
fittings.  See  Barber,  Pottery,  p.  214;  Marks,  p.  52. 

81.  Bread  tray.  1865.  White,  oval  with  sloping  rim,  fluted 
center.  Molded  dec.  of  wheat  ears  and  legend  on  rim,  “Where 
reason  rules  the  — obeys.  ” Mark  printed  in  black,  Etruria 
Works,  Arms  of  Great  Britain,  Ironstone  China.  Imperfect. 
Length  12 %",  width  10".  de  Russy. 

82.  Platter.  1868.  White,  rectangular  with  rounded  cor- 
ners and  rim,  open  handles  with  molded  pattern.  Mark  printed 
in  black.  Warranted,  Arms  of  Great  Britain,  Ironstone  China, 
Crazed.  Length  121/2".  Conover. 

83.  Toilet  pitcher.  1871.  White,  overglaze  dec.  of  gold 
lines  and  band  of  blue  edged  with  black.  Initial  H in  gold. 
Mark  same  as  No.  81.  Crazed.  Height  71,4".  Holcombe. 

84.  Shaving  mug.  1871.  White  with  gold  bands,  rose  gar- 

land in  overglaze  colors  enclosing  the  name  T.  H.  Hunt  in 
gold,  on  the  opposite  side  the  United  States  flag  in  colors. 
Mark  same  as  No.  81.  Crazed.  Height  Finger. 

Note.  Mr.  Hunt  was  the  father-in-law  of  Mr.  Ott. 

85.  Covered  egg  dish.  1874.  Hen  (light  blue)  upon  oval 
nest  of  basket  work  (salmon  pink).  In  bottom  of  dish  the 
legend  “A  White  Old  Hen,  with  yellow  legs,  etc.”  Un- 
marked. Slightly  crazed.  Length  10".  Skillman. 

Note.  Made  as  a gift  from  Mr.  Brewer  to  the  family  of 
owner. 

86.  Parian  Bust,  U.  S.  Grant.  Signed  in  the  paste, 
BROOME  1875.  Height  10y2".  Holcombe. 

Note.  Prof.  Isaac  Broome  is  an  American  sculptor  of  great 
ability  whose  influence  on  the  development  of  art  in  clay 
products  cannot  be  overestimated.  He  is  now  connected  with 
Lenox,  Inc.,  Trenton. 

Glasgow  Pottery.  Established  1863  by  John  Moses,  who 
rented  a pottery  with  two  small  kilns  and  began  to  make  c.  c. 


New  Jersey  Pottery  and  Porcelain 


27 


ware.  The  early  output  was  c.  c.  ware  and  white  granite  or 
ironstone  china.  A little  later  decorated  table  and  toilet  ware 
was  introduced.  Plain  color  bands  and  gold  lines  were  suc- 
ceeded by  more  elaborate  ornamentation.  The  later  products 
of  the  pottery  were  justly  famous  for  their  quality.  About 
1905  the  company  was  absorbed  by  the  Maddock  Pottery 
Co.  See  Barber,  Pottery,  p.  213;  Marks,  p.  50. 

87.  Child’s  tea  set.  1871.  White.  Pitcher,  tureen  and 
sugar  bowl  show  relief  molding  at  handles.  11  pieces.  Mark 
printed  in  black,  Arms  of  Great  Britain,  Ironstone  China, 
J.  M.  & Co.  Crazed.  Height  of  pitcher  3 Hayhurst. 

Note.  Purchased  about  1871  in  Trenton. 

88.  Bread  tray.  1874.  White,  oval.  Molded  dec.  of  wheat 
ears,  fluted  sides,  legend  on  rim,  Give  us  this  Day  our  Daily 
Bread.  Mark  same  as  No.  87.  Imperfect.  Length  12". 
Dieter. 

89.  “John  Hancock”  cup  and  saucer.  1875.  White  with 
legends  in  black,  Centennial  Commemorative  Celebration  of 
the  Boston  Tea  Party  December  16th,  1773,  Philadelphia  1873 
(saucer),  signature  of  John  Hancock  (cup).  Mark  printed  in 
black,  Glasgow  Pottery  Company,  Trenton,  New  Jersey. 
Crazed.  Diam.  of  saucer  5%".  Scott.  See  Barber,  Pottery, 
p.  214. 

90.  Fluted  bowl.  1876.  White,  mark  printed  in  black, 
American  eagle  full  front,  wings  outspread.  Pat.  Mar.  9, 
1875.  Stone  China,  J.  M.  & Co.  Imperfect.  Diam.  9 Hay- 
hurst. 

91.  Saucer.  1876.  Pale  blue  overglaze,  with  gold  band. 
Legend  in  black,  New  Jersey  the  Battlefield  of  the  Revolu- 
tion 1776-1876.  Mark  printed  in  black,  Glasgow  Pottery  Com- 
pany, Trenton,  N.  J.  Crazed.  Cup  missing.  Diam  5%".  Mc- 
Auley. 

Note.  Made  for  Centennial  Celebration,  Philadelphia,  1876. 

92.  Same  as  above,  pink  with  gold  band.  Diam.  5%".  Me 
Auley. 


28 


The  Newark  Museum  Association 


Trenton  Pottery  Company.  Incorporated  in  1865,  the  firm 
being  James  Taylor,  of  Taylor  & Speeler,  and  J.  F.  Houdayer. 
They  occupied  the  old  Taylor  and  Speeler  pottery.  In  1870 
the  style  became  Taylor,  Goodwin  & Co.  About  1876  Isaac 
Davis  succeeded  to  the  business,  which  was  continued  until 
about  1880.  See  Barber,  Pottery,  p.  200,  238. 

The  pieces  listed  below  were  given  to  the  Newark  Museum 
by  Miss  C.  J.  M.  Husson.  They  are,  with  the  exception  of  the 
jelly  mold,  believed  to  be  experimental  pieces  made  about  1869 
and  were  preserved  by  the  Houdayer  family.  The  regular 
output  of  the  pottery  was  yellow  ware  and  ironstone  china. 
Between  1870-1875  sanitary  and  plumbers’  earthenware  was 
added  to  the  output. 

93.  Statuette,  “ Greek  Slave,”  parian.  Surface  veined  by 
slight  fire  cracks.  Height  12%". 

Note.  A companion  figure,  the  Venus  de  Medici  is  in  the 
possession  of  Miss  Jane  Hoagland,  of  Brooklyn. 

94.  Pitcher,  parian.  Molded  decoration  of  lily  pads  and 
stems  on  pitted  ground,  shell  patterns  around  foot,  handle  in 
form  of  bundle  of  lily  stems.  Interior  glazed.  No  mark. 
Height  914". 

95.  The  same.  Pitted  blue  ground.  Interior  glazed. 
Mark,  No.  7 scratched  in  paste.  Height  8^4". 

96.  Mantel  ornament,  parian.  Shepherd  dog  and  pup,  re- 
cumbent, on  modeled  oval  base.  Mark,  No.  7 scratched  in 
paste.  Height  2". 

97.  Covered  box,  parian.  Cylindrical,  decorated  with 
raised  figures  and  Gothic  tracery  in  white  on  pitted  blue 
ground.  Disc  cover  with  modeled  finial.  No  mark.  Height 

diameter  41/2,/- 

98.  Jelly  mold,  yellow  ware.  1870.  Circular,  grape  pat- 
tern. No  mark.  Height  1%",  diameter  4". 

Mercer  Pottery  Company.  Estab.  1868  and  still  in  opera- 
tion. Output  white  earthenware,  granite  ware  and  semi- 


New  Jersey  Pottery  and  Porcelain 


29 


porcelain  decorated  table  and  toilet  ware.  At  present  “hotel 
china”  is  made  almost  exclusively. 

99.  Child’s  tea  set.  1871.  White,  magenta  hair  line  and 
gold  band  decoration,  24  pieces.  Mark  printed  in  black,  Great 
Britain,  Ironstone  China,  Mercer  Pottery  Company.  Height 
of  tea  pot  4%".  English. 

Note.  Every  piece  perfect  except  for  slight  crazing.  Un- 
usually good  in  shape  and  quality  for  sets  of  this  kind. 

100.  Pitcher.  1875.  Octagonal,  white.  Dec.  of  ivy  in 
low  relief  outlined  with  gold,  pansy  flowers  and  leaves  in 
colors  on  side  panels.  Mark  imp.,  globe  and  the  words,  Mer- 
cer Warranted  China.  Slightly  crazed.  Height  8".  Barber, 
Lambertville. 

Note.  Presented  to  Mrs.  Barber  by  a decorator  in  the  pot- 
tery. 

101.  Tea  pot.  1875.  White,  fluted  collar,  domed  cover. 
Gold  line  dec.,  Chinese  scene  in  colors  on  body.  Mark  same  as 
No.  100.  Imperfect.  Height  6%".  Kalmia  Club. 

102.  Fluted  bowl.  1875.  White.  Mark  in  black,  War- 
ranted Superior,  double  shield,  Ironstone  China,  Mercer  Pot- 
tery Company.  Imperfect.  Diameter  10%".  Stendel. 


Unidentified 

102a.  Jug,  stoneware.  Swelling  body  receding  to  narrow 
mouth,  pinched  spout,  curved  handle  attached  at  top  to  a 
hoop-like  band  1"  in  width,  basal  rim.  Reddish-gray  glaze, 
brown  lining.  Dec.  in  dull  blue,  bands  and  large  foliate  pat- 
tern with  incised  outlines  above  which  is  the  name  Gsell  and 
below,  the  word  Newark.  Imperfect.  Height  13%".  Dem- 
arest. 

Note.  The  body  and  glaze  of  this  piece  resembles  that  used 
by  the  Union  Pottery,  Newark.  See  Nos.  59,  60,  61. 

103.  Tray,  red  earthenware.  1830-40.  Rectangular,  slant- 
ing sides,  indented  edge.  Orange-red  glaze,  slip  dec.,  “Hard 


The  Newark  Museum  Association 


80 


Times  in  Jersey/’  Unglazed  beneath.  Imperfect.  Height 
2V2",  length  16",  width  12".  Pitkin  Coll. 

104.  Teapot,  red  earthenware.  1848.  Elliptical  body,  rib- 
bed and  fluted,  with  medallion  relief  of  Bolivar  on  either  side. 
Bright  metallic-black  glaze  throughout.  Mark  on  base  in 
raised  script  John  Mann,  Rahway.  Imperfect.  Height  5%". 
Pitkin  Coll. 

105.  Batter  pot,  earthenware.  Heavy  dark-brown  glaze 
throughout  on  cream  colored  body.  Base  unglazed.  Wire 
bail,  lift-handle  on  opposite  side  from  spout.  Height  lOV^”- 
Anderson. 

106.  Toby  jug,  earthenware.  Golden-brown  glaze  through- 
out on  yellow  body.  No  modelling  except  to  face.  Imperfect. 
Height  5".  Westervelt. 

107.  ‘‘Hound”  pitcher,  earthenware.  Mottled  brown  glaze 
throughout  on  yellow  body.  Relief  dec.  similar  to  Jersey  City 
model  but  indistinct.  Height  9%".  Westervelt. 

Note.  The  lines  of  this  pitcher  are  very  similar  to  those  of 
No.  72.  Possibly  also  made  by  Taylor  & Speeler,  Trenton. 

108.  Doll’s  tea  set,  1870.  White,  12-sided  form.  Bell 
shaped  cups,  ewer-shaped  pitcher.  17  pieces.  No  mark. 
Height  of  pitcher  1%".  Van  Celous. 

Note.  Purchased  at  a Trenton  pottery  in  1870.  Unusually 
delicate  forms  but  warped  in  firing. 

109.  Bowl.  White,  footed.  Dec.  of  gray-blue  bands  be- 
tween narrower  bands  of  bright  blue.  No  mark.  Imperfect. 
Height  2%",  diam.  4%".  Titus. 

Note.  Very  light  in  weight.  Said  to  have  been  made  about 
1840  in  Trenton  by  a firm  one  of  whose  members  was  named 
Titus.  See  Barber,  Marks,  p.  46. 


List  of  Contributors 


Akers,  Mrs.  George Lambertville 

Akers,  Mrs.  Joseph Lambertville 

Alexander,  Mrs.  Joseph Haddonfield 

Anderson,  Mrs.  A.  D Lambertville 

Anness,  Mrs.  F.  F Woodbridge 

Antin,  Miss  Margaret New  Brunswick 

Arndt,  Miss  New  Brunswick 

Auryansen,  Abraham  Hackensack 

Barber,  Dr.  E.  A Philadelphia 

Barber,  Mrs.  E.  B Lambertville 

Benton,  Miss  S.  F.  F Perth  Amboy 

Bergen  County  Historical  Society Hackensack 

Clarkson,  Mrs.  J.  L Beverly 

Clement,  William  Haddonfield 

Cobb,  Mrs.  Frank Newark 

Conover,  Mrs.  Charles Lambertville 

Cronk,  Mrs.  J.  II Hackensack 

Demarest,  Miss  M.  A New  Brunswick 

Dieter,  Mrs.  F.  F Newark 

Disbrow,  Dr.  W.  S Newark 

Ely,  Misses  Lambertville 

English,  Mrs.  George Lambertville 

Finger,  Mrs.  Samuel Lambertville 

Fulper  Pottery  Co Flemington 

Githens,  Mrs.  S.  C . Haddonfield 

Gordon,  Mrs.  W.  A New  Brunswick 

Guhl,  Miss  Helen Trenton 

Hayhurst,  Mrs.  Walter Lambertville 

Hoagland,  Mrs.  Martha Lambertville 

Holcombe,  Mrs.  Isaac Lambertville 

Husson,  Miss  J Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

Kalmia  Club  Lambertville 

Kitchel,  Dr.  F.  W Perth  Amboy 

Krewson,  Henry Lambertville 

Linnett,  Mrs.  A.  M Newark 

Lowe,  Eli Lambertville 

Lyman,  Mrs.  James Lambertville 


32 


The  Newark  Museum  Association 


McAuley,  Mrs.  Charles Newark 

Mitchell,  Mrs.  William Nutley 

Osborn,  D.  L Hackensack 

Pitkin,  A.  H.,  Coll.,  Wadsworth  Athenaeum Hartford,  Conn. 

Prall,  Mrs.  James Woodbridge 

Russy,  Mrs.  A.  de Woodbridge 

Ryan,  Akers  & Smith Lambertville 

Salmon,  Mrs.  L.  T Lambertville 

Scott,  Miss  Mary Lambertville 

Searing,  Mrs.  M Arlington 

Sewaren  History  Club Sewaren 

Skillman,  Mrs.  Charles Lambertville 

Smith,  Mrs.  Joseph Lambertville 

Stendel,  Mrs.  Theodore Arlington 

Taylor,  Mrs.  Emma Arlington 

Titus,  Miss  Minnie Lambertville 

Van  Celous,  Miss Lambertville 

Voorhees,  Mrs.  D.  S Woodbridge 

Waring,  Mrs.  E.  H Glen  Ridge 

Watt,  T.  P Newark 

Westervelt,  Mrs.  F.  A Hackensack 


The  Museum  is  indebted  to  the  efforts  of  the  Kalmia  Club, 
of  Lambertville ; the  Haddon  Fortnightly,  of  Haddonfield ; the 
Sewaren  History  Club  and  the  Woman’s  Clubs  of  Glen  Ridge 
and  Arlington  for  the  discovery  of  old  New  Jersey  pieces. 


